Hardware

h1. Design rules

h2. Conclusion

"Breite":https://www.mikrocontroller.net/articles/Leiterbahnbreite

"Via":http://www.layout-pcb.de/posts/Strombelastbarkeit

"Via":https://www.bestpcbs.com/tools/PCB-Via-Current-Calculator.html

"Spannungsabfall":https://www.leiton.de/leiton-tools-spannungsabfall-leiterplatten.html

The via plating is ~18-25µm

0,4A: 0,2mm

1A: 0,5mm

2A: Via-Bohrung 0,3mm

3A: 1,5mm; Via-Bohrung 0,6mm

Besser: ( 0,02V Abfall auf 60mm )

6A: 9mm

4A: 6mm

2A: 3mm ( 1 Helios driver = 1,4A; 4 Helios driver = 5,6A )

1A: 1,5mm (2A auf kurze Distanz)

0,5A: 0,75mm

0,25A; 0,5mm ( Backlight + Buzzer )

0,125A: 0,25 ( CANDis Display Backlight 120mA )

0,1A: 0,15mm ( 5 LEDs voll durchgeschalten )

Min. width for HASL: 0,2mm, immerhin noch 133mOhm bei 60mm

Min. width for ENIG: 0,125mm

0,3mm Via: 1A

0,6mm via: 2A

1,2mm via: 4A

h2. Bauteile

* UFQFPN32: 0,3mm pinbreite

h2. PCB facturing

"Aisler Specs":https://community.aisler.net/t/pcb-specifications

"Calc":https://www.omnicalculator.com/other/pcb-trace-resistance

"Description":https://www.eurocircuits.com/tolerances-on-copper-thickness/

"Power":https://www.mikrocontroller.net/articles/Leiterbahnbreite

|Base material                  |  	FR4 TG 140°             |

|                               |Technolam UV-Block FR-4-86 681 |

|PCB Thickness                  |  	1.6mm (0.063inches)     |

|Base copper thickness          | 	18µm                    |

|Min. processed copper thickness| 	35µm                    |

A 15cm trace with minimum width (0.15mm) has an resistance of ca. 0,5 Ohm. A shortcut would limit to 6 Amps.

A 2cm trace has an resistance of 0,07Ohm; 42 Amps.

| 15cm | 0.15mm | 0.5 Ohm   |                |                |

| 15cm | 0.2mm  | 0.37 Ohm  |                |                |

| 15cm | 0.25mm | 0.29 Ohm  | 0,5A@Delta-10° | 1,0A@Delta-30° |

| 15cm | 0.5mm  | 0.15 Ohm  | 1,0A@Delta-10° |                |

| 15cm | 1mm    | 0.07 Ohm  | 2,2A@Delta-10° |                |

An QFN pad has an width of 0,25mm;

h2. Traces

min. drill diameter: >=0,3mm

min. trace width:    0,150mm

pad diameter DuKo:   0,6mm (spec. 0,7mm?) !!

hole to hole:        0,35mm (not specificated. Via was missing. Wert empirisch. Does not happen when following other design rules)

Distance to cuts     0,35mm (cut-through to easily by grinding)

* Power: 0,2 distance; 0,2 width

* Powerline (240V): 1,5 distance; 2,5 width (CANSwitch)

2,5mm: ca. 1.5A bei 10°C rise

!design_rules.png!

h2. Text varnish

Lack:

Gut, fuer längeren Text:

0,7x0,7; Staerke 0,1mm (NUC64Debug V0.2.x)

(zu klein fuer Schrift in Copper)

Zu klein:

0,4x0,4; Staerke: 0,05 (CAN/IO)

Geht noch, nicht kleiner:

*0,6x0,6; Staerke: 0,05* (CANDisplay::Eval; Miniminutnik)

Geht noch, eher nicht kleiner, manche Labels nicht mehr eindeutig:

0,55x0,55; Staerke: 0,15 (CAN/IO v0.6.x, einzelne Referenzen nur erratbar)

h2. Text copper

Copper:

Gut unverzinnt:

0,6x0,6; Starke 0,08mm

schlecht verzinnt:

0,7x0,7; Staerke 0,1mm (NUC64Debug)

nearly ok:

0,75x0,75; Staerke 0,15mm (Candisplay Eval)

Still dots not ok:

0,8x0,8; Staerke 0,2mm (CANIO 0.6.x)

next test:

0,85x0,85; Staerke 0,25mm (EEPROM)

h2. Standard LEDs; 2V @ 3V

120 Ohm: very bright

240: bright, ok for blinking, still to bright for permanent on

480: should be the usual case

1k Ohm: very dark. eg. ok for power LED

h2. Gehaeuse

1K + 10nF(2KV!, 2,5KV=class y) parallel

"Altium":https://resources.altium.com/de/p/pcb-grounding-techniques-for-plated-pcb-mounting-holes